Mathematics · Percentages
Calculate a percent decrease from A to B
Enter an original amount and a smaller later amount. The result is the drop relative to the original — the same idea as a markdown, without applying a sale price formula.
Calculate
How the calculator works
The engine takes the absolute gap, divides by the absolute original, and multiplies by 100. A final value above the original is refused so this page stays a decrease tool. Zero as the original is refused. Going all the way to zero is a 100% decrease.
Formula and method
baisse = |final − initial| ÷ |initial| × 100
From 100 to 80: |−20| ÷ 100 × 100 = 20%. The percent is reported as a positive decrease.
Decrease mode requires final ≤ original. The display shows the percent drop and the raw gap. This is not the sale-price page: a 20% decrease from 100 to 80 matches a 20% discount on 100, but stacked discounts multiply and live on the discount calculator.
Worked example
From 100 to 80
original = 100, final = 80
- Gap: 100 − 80 = 20.
- 20 ÷ 100 = 0.20.
- × 100 → 20%.
A 20% decrease.
From 250 to 200
original = 250, final = 200
- Gap 50.
- 50 ÷ 250 = 0.20 → 20%.
Also 20%, even though the raw gap (50) is larger than in the 100-to-80 case.
Input notes
- Original amount
- The starting amount. A small original makes a modest raw drop look large in percent terms.
- Final amount
- The later amount. Must be ≤ original. For a rise, use percent increase.
Assumptions and limits
Assumptions
- Same quantity, later smaller (or equal).
- The base is the original, not the final value.
Limits
- Does not apply a discount to a list price (see the discount calculator).
- Does not annualize a month-to-month drop.
How to read the result
A 20% decrease means one fifth of the original is gone. Recovering 80 back to 100 is a 25% increase, not 20%. For a posted sale (“20% off”), the discount tool starts from list price instead of from two observed amounts.
Common mistakes
Dividing the gap by the final amount (20/80 = 25%).
A decrease is relative to what you had. From 100 to 80 the base is 100, so 20%.
Treating a 20% fall as the inverse of a 20% rise.
They use different bases. 100 → 80 is −20%; 80 → 100 is +25%.
Related calculations
- PercentageEnter two numbers of the same kind. The tool returns (part ÷ total) × 100 — useful for a test score, a slice of a budget, or a share of a count.
- Percent increaseGive a starting amount and a higher later amount. The tool reports the rise relative to the start, not a “neutral” gap between two figures.
- DiscountApply one markdown: the original times (1 − p/100). Stacked percents off are not a sum: 20% then 20% leaves 64% of list, a 36% combined cut, not 40%.
- Percent differenceA and B are not labeled “before” and “after.” You get the absolute gap, the gap relative to A, relative to B, and the symmetric gap (divided by the average). That is not a percent increase.
Frequently asked questions
Is a decrease to zero a 100% drop?
Yes, if the original is not zero.
|0 − original| / |original| = 1, so 100%. The original still cannot be zero, because that would be 0/0.
How is this different from a discount calculator?
Here you already know both amounts. A discount starts from list price and a percent off.
If you watched a price move from $100 to $80, this page names the drop. If a tag says 20% off $100, the discount page returns $80. Stacked percents off are not added; they multiply, which the discount page explains.
Can I enter a negative original?
Yes, as long as it is not zero; the formula uses absolute values.
A move from −40 to −50 is a decrease in the signed sense the engine enforces (final ≤ original). The percent uses |original| in the denominator. Read signed series with extra care.
Author and update
Written by Rédaction HexaCalc (editorial team). Content last updated: August 25, 2026. No third-party medical or financial review is claimed.
This calculation uses a standard mathematical identity. See also the methodology.
Price off a list amount
If you have a sticker price and a percent off, compute the sale price directly instead of typing both observed amounts.
Open the discount calculatorCategory: Mathematics